Present Perfect Tense English Grammar

When we talk about something that happened in the past time, but we don’t know specify precisely when it happened. The exact time is not significant in present perfect tense. We can’t use the perfect time with definite time. We can use only present prefect tense with unspecific time. 

Specific time (That day, one day, last week, yesterday, when I was lived in USA etc)

Unspecific time (Many times, several, times, before, so far, yet etc)

Rules:-

1)      To indicate completed activities in the immediate past such as-

a)      He has just gone outside.

b)      He has just plucked flowers.

2)      To describe past events when we think more of their effect in the present than of the action itself such as-

a)      I have known him for a long time.

b)      We have lived here for ten years.

3)      To express past actions where time is not given and not definite such as-

a)      I have never known him to be angry.

b)      You have read Shakespeare’s novel.

All kinds of sentence in present perfect tense English grammar.

A)     Affirmative Sentence:- In this type of sentences, with the singular number third person such as he, she, it and with person name helping verb “has” will be used. With the plural subjects such I, you, we, they we need to use helping verb (have).

Structure:- Subject + has/have + third form of verb + object (if any)

Example;-

i)                    I have taken lunch.

ii)                   We have played hockey.

iii)                 He has gone to Dubai.

iv)                 They have finished their task.

B)      Negative Sentences: - We need to use (has not) helping verb with singular number third person (he, she, it or any name). In other side with plural subjects such as I, we, you, they we should use have not. In these sentences always used the third form of verb.

Structure:- Subject + has not/ have not + third form of verb + object (if any)

Example:-

i)                    I have not take dinner.

ii)                   We have not played cricket.

iii)                 They have not finished their work.

C)      Interrogative Sentences:- In this kind of sentence, He, She, It or name or third person singular we will use has + subject + third from of the verb + object (if any). While with the subject I and plural numbers subject, we will use:

Structure: - have + subject + third from of the verb + object (if any)

Such as the following: -

                    I.            Have they played hockey?

                  II.            Has he gone to Delhi?

                III.            Have they finish their .work?

                IV.            Have I taken lunch?

D)     Interrogative Negative Sentence: - In this kind of sentences, He, She, It, Name or third person singular we will use has + subject + not + third from of the verb + object (if any). While with the subject I and plural numbers subject we will use:

Structure: - have + subject+ not + third from of the verb + object (if any)

Such as the following: -

                    I.            Have they not played hockey?

                  II.            Has he not gone to Delhi?

                III.            Have they not finished their work?

                IV.            Have I not taken lunch?

Exercise for practice: -

1.       He-------------- (go).

2.       I ---------------- (take) bath.

3.       John ---------- just -------- (arrive).

4.       I ---------- not ------ (complete) my project.

5.       ----------- They not ---------- (write) a letter?

6.       ------------ he not ----------- (speak) the truth?

7.       The teacher ------------- (teach) English.

8.       He ------------- (tell) a lie.